Ancient Populations Guide

Directory · Updated 2026

Ancient-origins panels compare your DNA against a set of archaeological reference populations, each associated with a specific place, time period, and body of published research. This page is a directory of every ancient population covered on this site — pick the one that shows up in your results to see what it actually means.

Western Eurasia & the Bronze Age world

Bronze Age Steppe

The Yamnaya-associated pastoralists whose westward migration around 5,000 years ago reshaped European ancestry.

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Hunter-Gatherer

Europe's deepest resident ancestry, predating farming by tens of thousands of years.

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Early European Farmer

Anatolian farmers who brought agriculture into Europe starting roughly 8,000 years ago.

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Imperial Roman

The genetically diverse population of the city of Rome at the height of the empire.

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Viking-Era Scandinavian

Norse populations from the Viking Age, roughly 750 to 1050 CE.

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Iron Age Celtic

Celtic-speaking Iron Age populations across Britain and continental Europe.

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Ancient Egyptian

DNA recovered from mummified remains along the Nile Valley.

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Ashkenazi Jewish

A population shaped by a documented genetic bottleneck roughly 600–800 years ago.

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Asia & Africa

East Asian

A blend of two deep ancestral lineages tied to the Yellow River and Amur River basins.

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South Asian & Indus Valley

The ANI/ASI ancestry model behind most present-day South Asian populations.

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Sub-Saharan African

The most genetically diverse ancestral region on Earth, and the source of all human ancestry.

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The Pacific & the Americas

Polynesian & Pacific Islander

Austronesian and Papuan ancestry behind the settlement of the Pacific islands.

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Native American

The founding migration across Beringia at the end of the last Ice Age.

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Not sure which category applies to you, or how to read the percentages next to each one? Start with our ancient DNA explainer, or see our walkthrough of where these results live inside a typical DNA testing account.

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